I need a quad NOR gate that is pinned out like a quad AND gate? Is there a good way to search for this

The first comprehensive logic series was the TTL series 74xx. This used BJTs (Bipolar Junction Transistors). Later there came variants like the often used 74LSxx, where the "LS" stands for Low-power Schottky TTL. As the name implies these used less power than the rather power-hungry TTL, and were faster too. At the same time the CMOS 4000 series was developed. The "C" in CMOS stands for Complementary, meaning it's a combination of N-channel and P-channel MOSFETs. Their construction is simpler than TTL and they use far less power. Later standard CMOS developed into HCMOS, "H" for High-speed. Most 74LSxx types have been released as HCMOS in the 74HCxx series, or the 74HCTxx series, which is TTL compatible. Later more variants were developed, like Advanced CMOS (74ACxx).

Microcontrollers are built in HCMOS technology, so they use MOSFETs. AFAIK JFETs aren't used for logic ICs. The transistor you show in the picture is a BJT, which you can tell from the pin designation:

E = Emitter
B = Base
C = Collector

For a MOSFET the pins would be

S = Source
G = Gate
D = Drain

respectively.

Many ICs in the 74HCxx series were originally released in 14 or 16 pin DIL packages, which meant that they would fit four 2-input gates. With miniaturization (SMT) came the demand for smaller packages, even if they contained less gates. Several manufacturers offer single-gate and dual-gate versions of logic gates. For example, NXP has a 74LVC1G00 (single 2-input NAND) and a 74LVC2G00 (dual 2-input NAND) version of the classical 74HC00. 74LVCxx is yet another HCMOS technology. This page lists all NXP logic families.

You can buy vintage bare 45,000 cores here for $US49.00, with free international shipping from Bulgaria. Find 9 other friends interested in sharing and you have 4,500 each for $5.

One bit core memory project - liable to be of high interest. Use a suitable ferrite bead if needs be. Drive levels etc need looking at.

This vintage core memory board costs $400 on ebay BUT I have bought similar here for about nothing and while they are rarer than way back then they are probably still available for looking as electronic junk.

Almost any small ferrites with a hole in them will do - including RF decoupling beads. Or you could wrap a coil around a stick core etc. You can also just use iron or steel with due attention to characteristics. A steel nail with a suitable amp-turns pulse will be magnetised. Not the most efficint core memory but doable.

How to drive one

Very useful

Useful

Old discussion -2010 - may be some use