Electronic – Why is CMOS fall time faster than rise time

cmoselectronnmospmosrise time

I've just started a computer architecture class, and the slides from a lecture says that the reason why fall time is faster than rise time is that the NMOS electrons have more mobility than PMOS which has holes. Does anyone know how to explain this in simple terms?

Best Answer

The answer lies in Carrier Mobility of Silicon. A CMOS stage has a P channel device from Vdd and an N channel device to Vss. Note the much higher mobility of electrons vs. holes.

The rise time at the output depends primarily on how fast the P channel device can turn on, and the fall time is determined primarily by how fast the N channel device can turn on.

The majority carrier in P channel devices is holes, and the majority carrier in N channel devices is electrons.

As electrons are in the conduction band and holes are in the valence band (same link), N channel devices are inherently faster in switching than P channel devices given equal physical parameters.

In many newer logic families, the length - width ratios of the transistors are adjusted to give symmetric switching times.